Taj Mahal
The Taj Mahal was built in the 17th century by shah jahan-the fifth mughal emperor of India. Taj Mahal is a memento of love. “A white marble tomb built in 1631-48 in Agra, seat of the Mugal Empire, by Shah Jehan for his wife, Arjuman Banu Begum, the monument sums up many of the formal themes that have played through Islamic architecture.The grand taj mahal monument is more than 350 years old. “The Mausoleum of the Taj Mahal at Agra stands in a formally laid-out walled garden entered through a pavilion on the main axis.
Taj Mahal at a glance:
| Architect | Emperor Shah Jahan |
| Location | Agra, India |
| Date | 1630 to 1653 |
| Building Type | Islamic tomb |
| Construction System | Bearing masonry, Inlaid marble |
| Climate | Desert |
| Context | park setting |
| Style | Islamic |
| Notes | Onion-shape domes, flanking towers, built for wife Mumatz Mahal. |
The tomb, raised on a terrace and first seen reflected in the central canal, is entirely sheathed in marble, but the mosque and counter-mosque on the transverse axis are built in red sandstone. Its refined elegance is a conspicuous contrast both to the Hindu architecture of pre-Islamic India, with its thick walls, corbeled arches, and heavy lintels, and to the Indo-Islamic styles, in which Hindu elements are combined with an eclectic assortment of motifs from Persian and Turkish sources. 40 km from Agra, the city of Fatehpur Sikri served as the capital of the Mughal Empire between 1570 and 1586. But as abruptly as it had been built, it was abandoned due to the scarcity of water. “The four minarets, set symmetrically about the tomb, are scaled down to heighten the effect of the dominant, slightly bulbous dome. A popular legend is attached to the city’s conception. According to it, Emperor Akbar was without a male heir, and was granted one by the blessings of the Sufi saint Sheikh Salim Chisti. In honor of the saint, Akbar named the prince Salim, and decided to found a new city to celebrate his birth. And thus, the magnificent Fatehpur Sikri, the new capital, came into being. The mosques, built only to balance the composition are set sufficiently far away to do no more than frame the mausoleum. In essence, the whole riverside platform is a mosque courtyard with a tomb at its centre. The great entrance gate with its domed central chamber, set at the end of the long watercourse, would in any other setting be monumental in its own right.”
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Amanat Khan Shirazi was the calligrapher of Taj Mahal, his name occurs at the end of an inscription on one of the gates of the Taj. Poet Ghiyasuddin had designed the verses on the tombstone, while Ismail Khan Afridi of Turkey was the dome maker. Muhammad Hanif was the superintendent of Masons.Onion-shape domes, flanking towers, built for wife Mumatz Mahal.
The designer of Taj Mahal was Ustad Ahmad Lahauri. The material was brought in from allover India and central Asia and it took a fleet of 1000 elephants to transport it to the site. The central dome is 187 ft. high at the centre.
Red sandstone was brought from Fatehpur Sikri, Jasper from Punjab, Jade and Crystal from China, Turquoise from Tibet, Lapis Lazuli and Sapphire from Sri Lanka, Coal & Comelian from Arabia and Diamonds from Panna. In all 28 kind of rare, semi precious and precious stones were used (or inlay work in the Taj Mahal.
The chief building material, the white marble was brought from the quarries of Makrana, in distt. Nagaur, Rajasthan. Copies of orders (farmans) issued to Raja Jai Singh, for the purpose by Shah Jahan, can be seen in the Taj Museum.
Taj Mahal’s outer court, also known as Jilo Khana, was formerly used both as a bazar and a caravansarai (Rest house). On the south-east and south-west comers are the tombs of Sirhindi Begum and Satiunnisa Khanum. The Taj has a jewel-like quality.
**The shadow and light play demonstrates its many moods.
**Some feel the Taj is best seen on a full moon night, others find it ethereal at dawn while some insist that it is sensuous at sunset.
How to Reach Taj Mahal
One can approach the Taj from three different directions:
# The Eastern entrance is often used by tourist groups arriving by coach from Fatehabad Road.
# The Southern entrance is from the shops, around the Taj.
# The Western entrance is ideal for those arriving by car or cycle-rickshaw from the Agra Fort.
Ticket counters are located at all the entrances.
TIMINGS:
6.00 A.M. to 7.00 P.M.
Note: Taj remains closed every Monday for tourists.
ENTRANCE:
The main gate of Taj faces the Southern gate. The gateway is 151 fl. by 117 fl. and rises to a height of lOO fl. Tourists can enter the main compound by a small gate at the side of the main gate.
Eatables, cigarettes, pan masalas and matchboxes are not allowed inside the monument. There is a cloakroom to the right of this gate where one can keep their luggage.
MAIN GATE
This main gate is built in red sandstone and measures 30 mt. in height. 11 is inscribed with verses from the Koran in Arabic, The small domed pavilions on top are Hindu in style and. signify regality.
A striking feature of the gateway is that the lettering appears to be of the same size. The engravers have skilfully enlarged and lengthened the letters which creates an illusion of uniformity.
As one enters the gateway the Taj comes into full view like a chaste dream come true. Well laid out gardens measuring 300 x 300 mt. in the form of a Charbagh are spread on either side of the pavement.
In the centre is a platform from where tourists can capture the Taj on film.
No word can justify the beauty of the Taj Mahal. A wonder of the world, the Taj Mahal in Agra is a monument which no other in the world can match its beauty and grandeur. Called the most beautiful temple in the world, the white marbled mausoleum at Agra has become the epitome of a man’s love for a woman.
Synonymous with India, the Taj Mahal is undoubtedly the epitome of India tourism. India travel is incomplete without experiencing the Taj Mahal. This supreme temple of love, standing gracefully by the sacred Yamuna at Agra, is set amongst the serene ambience of a well laid out garden. The massive white marble structure was built in the 17th century by the Mughal Emperor Shahjahan in memory of his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal. Shah Jahan was so disheartened by her death that the royal court went in mourning for two years and there was no music, no dancing, no celebrations and no feasting for two years. After such a long period when he recovered his consciousness Shah Jahan decided immortalize their love in the form of the Taj Mahal. He had selected the place for the Mahal Taj in Agra so that he could see it from his personal palace at Agra Fort.
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